ʻO nā paipu kemika a me nā kiwikā he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hana kemika a me ka loulou o nā lako kemika like ʻole. Pehea e hana ai nā kiwikā 5 maʻamau i nā paipu kemika? ʻO ke kumu nui? He aha nā kiwikā o nā paipu kemika a me nā mea hoʻohui? (11 ʻano paipu + 4 ʻano mea hoʻohui paipu + 11 kiwikā nui) ʻO ka paipu kemika, ua aʻo ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i loko o hoʻokahi ʻatikala!

Nā paipu kemika a me nā kiwikā hoʻohui

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano paipu kemika e ka mea: nā paipu metala a me nā paipu ʻaʻole metala.

Paipu hao

Nā paipu hao i hoʻolei ʻia, nā paipu kila humuhumu, nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole, nā paipu keleawe, nā paipu alumini, a me nā paipu kēpau.

①Paipu hao i hoʻolei ʻia:

ʻO ka paipu hao i hoʻolei ʻia kekahi o nā paipu i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā paipu kemika.

Ma muli o kona palupalu a me ka paʻa ʻole o ka pilina, kūpono wale nō ia no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole kūpono no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea mahu wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea ʻawahia a me nā mea pahū. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā paipu hoʻolako wai ma lalo o ka honua, nā paipu kinoea a me nā paipu ʻauwai. Hōʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī o nā paipu hao i hoʻolei ʻia e Ф ke anawaena o loko × ka mānoanoa o ka paia (mm).

②Paipu kila i humuhumu ʻia:

Ua māhele ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu i nā paipu kinoea wai maʻamau (ke kū'ē i ke kaomi 0.1 ~ 1.0MPa) a me nā paipu mānoanoa (ke kū'ē i ke kaomi 1.0 ~ 0.5MPa) e like me ko lākou kaomi hana.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka lawe ʻana i nā wai kaomi e like me ka wai, ke kinoea, ka mahu hoʻomehana, ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me ka ʻaila. Ua kapa ʻia nā paipu galvanized he mau paipu hao galvanized a i ʻole nā ​​​​paipu galvanized. ʻO nā mea i galvanized ʻole ʻia ua kapa ʻia he mau paipu hao ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike ʻia kona mau kikoʻī ma ke ʻano o ke anawaena maʻamau. ʻO ke anawaena maʻamau haʻahaʻa he 6mm a ʻo ke anawaena maʻamau kiʻekiʻe he 150mm.

③Paipu kila humuhumu ʻole:

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka paipu kila humuhumu ʻole kona ʻano like a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā mea hana he kila kalapona, kila kiʻekiʻe, kila haʻahaʻa-metala, kila kuhiliʻole, a me ke kila kūpaʻa wela. Ma muli o nā ʻano hana like ʻole, aia ʻelua ʻano: nā paipu kila wili ʻole i ʻōwili wela ʻia a me nā paipu kila wili ʻole i huki anu ʻia. I ka ʻenekinia paipu, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu wili wela ke ʻoi aku ke anawaena ma mua o 57mm, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu huki anu ke emi ke anawaena ma lalo o 57mm.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole e halihali i nā ʻano kinoea, nā mahu a me nā wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hiki ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 435°C). Hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila alloy e halihali i nā mea ʻino, a ma waena o ia mau mea hiki i nā paipu alloy pale wela ke kū i nā mahana a hiki i 900-950℃. Hōʻike ʻia ke kikoʻī o ka paipu kila humuhumu ʻole e ke anawaena o loko × ka mānoanoa o ka paia (mm).

ʻO ke anawaena waho kiʻekiʻe loa o ka paipu i huki anu ʻia he 200mm, a ʻo ke anawaena waho kiʻekiʻe loa o ka paipu i ʻōwili wela ʻia he 630mm. E like me kā lākou hoʻohana, ua māhele ʻia nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole i nā paipu humuhumu maʻamau a me nā paipu humuhumu kūikawā, e like me nā paipu humuhumu ʻaila, nā paipu humuhumu paila, a me nā paipu humuhumu momona.

④ Paipu keleawe:

He hopena hoʻoili wela maikaʻi ko ka ʻōmole keleawe.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o nā paipu o nā lako hoʻololi wela a me nā mea hana cryogenic, nā paipu ana kaomi o nā mea hana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i nā wai i kaomi ʻia, akā inā ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 250 ℃, ʻaʻole kūpono ia e hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia ma nā wahi koʻikoʻi.

⑤Paipu alumini:

He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ko ka Aluminum i ka pala.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu alumini no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hana e like me ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻohuihui ʻia, ka waikawa acetic, ka hydrogen sulfide a me ke kalapona ʻokikene, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia hoʻi i nā mea hoʻololi wela. ʻAʻole kūpaʻa nā paipu alumini i ka alkali a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā hopena alkaline a me nā hopena i loaʻa nā iona chloride.

I ka emi nui ʻana o ka ikaika mechanical o ka paipu alumini me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mahana hoʻohana o ka paipu alumini ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 200°C, a e emi ana ka mahana hoʻohana no ka pipeline i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical o ka alumini i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu alumini a me nā paipu alumini i nā mea hoʻokaʻawale ea.

⑥ Paipu alakaʻi:

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kēpau ma ke ʻano he paipu no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea ʻakika. Hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ka 0.5%-15% sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, 60% hydrofluoric acid, a me ka acetic acid me ka nui o ka emi ma mua o 80%. ʻAʻole kūpono ia no ka lawe ʻana i ka nitric acid, hypochlorous acid a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mahana hana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka paipu kēpau he 200℃.

Paipu ʻaʻole metala

Paipu palakiko, paipu palakiko, paipu aniani, paipu seramika, paipu sima.

①Paipu palakiko:

ʻO nā pono o nā paipu plastik he kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala, ke kaumaha māmā, ka hoʻoheheʻe pono ʻana a me ka hana maʻalahi.

ʻO ka hemahema ka ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi ʻole.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā paipu plastik i hoʻohana nui ʻia he mau paipu polyvinyl chloride paʻakikī, nā paipu polyvinyl chloride palupalu, nā paipu polyethylene.nā paipu polypropylene, a me nā paipu metala me ka polyolefin a me ka polychlorotrifluoroethylene i pīpī ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili.

②ʻŌmole laholio:

He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ka ʻōmole laholio i ka corrosion, māmā ke kaumaha, plasticity maikaʻi, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ke hoʻonohonoho a me ka wehe ʻana.

ʻO nā ʻōmole laholio i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, hana ʻia ia me ka laholio maoli a i ʻole ka laholio synthetic, a kūpono ia no nā hanana i kiʻekiʻe ʻole ai ke koi kaomi.

③ʻŌmole aniani:

Loaʻa i ka ʻōmole aniani nā pono o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala, ka moakāka, ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hemahema, he palupalu ia a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ke kaomi.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā hana hoʻāʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hana hoʻokolohua.

④Paipu keramika:

Ua like nā keramika kemika me ke aniani a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ko lākou i ka pala. Ma waho aʻe o ka waikawa hydrofluoric, ka waikawa fluorosilicic a me nā alkalis ikaika, hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā waikawa inorganic, nā waikawa organik a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik.

Ma muli o kona ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ka brittleness, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e wehe i nā mea ʻawaʻawa i loko o nā ʻauwai a me nā paipu hoʻouluulu.

Paipu sima:

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā manawa i kiʻekiʻe ʻole ai nā koi kaomi a me ke sila ʻana o ka paipu pili, e like me nā paipu wai lepo a me nā paipu hoʻokahe.