Piʻi wai(kapa ʻia hoʻi ka wai kōpaʻa, wai kīʻaha a i ʻole wai kaona) he wai i hoʻolako ʻia ma o nā paipu a me nā wai puna wai inu. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka wai piʻi no ka inu ʻana, ka kuke ʻana, ka holoi ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana i nā halepaku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai o loko ma o nā "paipu loko". Ua ola kēia ʻano paipu mai ka wā kahiko, akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hapa o ka poʻe a hiki i ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia 19 i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai e lilo i mea kaulana i nā ʻāina kūkulu i kēia mau lā. Ua lilo i mea maʻamau ka wai kīwī ma nā wahi he nui i ke kenekulia 20 a ke nele nei ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻilihune, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina ulu.

I nā ʻāina he nui, pili pinepine ka wai i ka wai inu. Mālama nā keʻena aupuni i ka maikaʻi owai paipu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai o ka hale, e like me nā kānana wai, ka paila ʻana a i ʻole ka distillation, e mālama i ka microbial contamination o ka wai paipu e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona inu ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana (e like me nā mea kanu mālama wai) e hāʻawi ana i ka wai maʻemaʻe i nā hale, nā ʻoihana, a me nā hale aupuni he mea nui o ka ʻenekinia maʻemaʻe. ʻO ke kapa ʻana i ka wai "wai piʻi" e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā ʻano wai nui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa; ʻO kēia ka wai mai nā loko ohi wai ua, ka wai mai nā pāpaʻi kauhale a kūlanakauhale paha, ka wai mai nā pūnāwai, a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai, nā muliwai, a i ʻole nā ​​loko (The drinkability may vary) wai.

hope
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai paipu i ka heluna kanaka o nā kūlanakauhale nui a i ʻole nā ​​​​kauhale nui e pono ai kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī a hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia, mālama ʻia, hana ʻana, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana, a ʻo ia ke kuleana o nā keʻena aupuni.

Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua pili ka wai i mālama ʻia i ka lehulehu me ka piʻi nui o ka manaʻolana o ke ola a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke olakino lehulehu. Hiki ke hoʻemi nui ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ka pilikia o nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka wai e like me ka typhoid fever a me ke kolera. Pono nui no ka disinfection o ka wai inu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka chlorination ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka disinfection wai, ʻoiai hiki i nā pūhui chlorine ke hana me nā mea i loko o ka wai a hana i nā huahana disinfection by-products (DBP) e pilikia ai ke olakino kanaka. ka noho 'ana o nā iona metala like 'ole, ka mea ma'amau i ka wai "ma'alahi" a "pa'akikī".

Pilikia ka wai paipu i ka haumia olaola a kemika paha. He pilikia koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ka pollution wai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka inu ʻana i ka wai haumia e pepehi i 1.6 miliona mau keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Inā manaʻo ʻia ka pollution he mea pōʻino i ke olakino lehulehu, hoʻopuka pinepine nā luna aupuni i nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai. I ka hihia o ka hoʻohaumia olaola, ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia e hoʻolapalapa ka poʻe noho i ka wai a hoʻohana paha i ka wai hue ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka inu ʻana. I ka hihia o ka pollution kemika, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā kamaʻāina e ʻalo i ka inu ʻana i ka wai paipu a pau ka pilikia.

Ma nā wahi he nui, hoʻohui ʻia nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka fluoride (< 1.0 ppm F) i ka wai paila e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino niho, ʻoiai ʻo ka "fluoridation" he hihia hoʻopaʻapaʻa i kekahi mau kaiāulu. (E nānā i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa wai fluorination). Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka inu ʻana i ka wai me ka nui o ka fluoride kiʻekiʻe (> 1.5 ppm F) hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, e like me ka fluorosis niho, ka enamel plaque a me ka skeletal fluorosis, a me nā deformations iwi i nā keiki. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka fluorosis e pili ana i ka fluoride i loko o ka wai, a me ka ʻai a me ka hana kino o nā kānaka. ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻoneʻe fluoride e pili ana i nā ʻano membrane-based, precipitation, absorption, a me electrocoagulation.

Hoʻoponopono a hoʻokō
ʻAmelika
Hoʻoponopono ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) i nā pae ʻae ʻia o kekahi mau mea haumia i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai lehulehu. Hiki i ka wai paipu ke loaʻa nā mea haumia he nui ʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia e EPA akā hiki ke pōʻino i ke olakino kanaka. Pono nā ʻōnaehana wai kaiaulu-ʻo ka poʻe e lawelawe ana i ka hui like o ka poʻe i loko o ka makahiki-pono e hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka "hōʻike hilinaʻi mea kūʻai." Hōʻike ka hōʻike i nā mea haumia (inā loaʻa) i loko o ka ʻōnaehana wai a wehewehe i nā hopena olakino. Ma hope o ka Flint Lead Crisis (2014), ua nānā nui nā mea noiʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka wai inu ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua loaʻa nā pae palekana o ke kēpau i loko o ka wai paipu ma nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole, e like me Sebring, Ohio i ʻAukake 2015 a me Wakinekona, DC ma 2001. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui, ma ka awelika, ma kahi o 7-8% o nā ʻōnaehana wai kaiāulu (CWS) e uhaki i nā pilikia olakino Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea haumia i ka wai inu, aia ma kahi o 16 miliona mau hihia o ka gastroenteritis acute ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai, pono nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea ʻaelike e nīnau i nā code plumbing kūloko a loaʻa i nā palapala hana ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi mea hoʻomehana wai e pono ai ke koi a me kahi nānā hana. ʻO ke kūlana aupuni o ka US Drinking Water Pipeline Guide he mea i hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻia e NSF / ANSI 61. Ua hoʻokumu pūʻo NSF / ANSI i nā kūlana no ka hōʻoiaʻana i nā kini he nui,ʻoiai ua'āpono ka Food and Drug Administration (FDA) i kēia mau mea.